서 론
1. 연구의 필요성
연구 방법
2. 연구 대상
3. 자료 수집 방법 및 자료의 질 평가
4. 자료 분석
Table 1.
Categories |
2000-2005 |
2006-2010 |
2011-2015 |
2016-2017.2 |
Sub-total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n=3) | (n=9) | (n=17) | (n=6) | ||
|
|||||
Study design | |||||
Experimental studies (n=8) | |||||
Randomized control trials | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Quasi-experimental studies | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 6 |
Observational studies (n=27) | |||||
Cross-sectional | 1 | 7 | 9 | 4 | 21 |
Retrospective | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Prospective cohort | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Methodological study | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
Sample size | |||||
Experimental studies (n=8) | |||||
≤30 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
31-60 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
61-90 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
>90 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Observational studies (n=27) | |||||
≤100 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
101-150 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 15 |
151-200 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
>200 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 7 |
Inclusion criteria of patients | |||||
LVEF (%) | |||||
<40 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
<45 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
<50 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Not mentioned | 3 | 6 | 13 | 4 | 26 |
NYHA class | |||||
I - IV | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
I - III | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
II - III | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
II - IV | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Not mentioned | 1 | 9 | 12 | 4 | 26 |
Age (years) | |||||
18 above | 3 | 5 | 9 | 2 | 19 |
65 above | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
40 - 80 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
Not mentioned | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 |
Exclusion criteria of patients | |||||
Mentioned | 0 | 3 | 13 | 4 | 20 |
Not mentioned | 3 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 15 |
Ethical consideration | |||||
Institutional review board | 0 | 0 | 13 | 6 | 19 |
Written or verbal consent | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 6 |
Not mentioned | 2 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 10 |
Type of participants | |||||
Inpatients only | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
Outpatients only | 3 | 7 | 15 | 5 | 30 |
Inpatients and outpatients | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Data collection method* | |||||
Questionnaire | 3 | 9 | 16 | 6 | 34 |
Interview | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Physical measures | 1 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 7 |
Medical records | 3 | 9 | 16 | 6 | 34 |
Data analysis* | |||||
Chi-square test | 2 | 3 | 10 | 5 | 20 |
Independent t-test | 1 | 4 | 9 | 3 | 17 |
Paired t-test | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Pearson correlation coefficient | 1 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 12 |
Spearman rank correlation | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
One way ANOVA | 1 | 4 | 9 | 3 | 17 |
ANCOVA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Wilcoxon sign rank test | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Mann-Whitney U test | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 5 |
Logistic regression | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Multiple linear regression | 0 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 8 |
Path analysis | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Cox proportional regression | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Data for publishing | |||||
Published (n=28) | 3 | 6 | 13 | 6 | 28 |
Not published (n=7) | |||||
Master's thesis | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 6 |
Dissertation | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
연구 결과
1. 일반적 연구 특성
2. 주요 연구 변수와 관련 측정도구
Table 2.
Factors (n) | Variables*(n) | Instruments (Original developer, year) | Article number | Frequency | Reliability (n) & validity (n) mentioned |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
Biological (n=19) | Physical activity (13) | Korean Activity Scale Index, KASI (Sung, 2000) | 4, 6, 13, 15, 20, 24, 28, 33 | 8 | 7 & 8 |
6-Minute Walking Distance, 6MWD (American Thoracic Society, 2002) | 20, 24, 27 | 3 | Not applicable | ||
International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ (Craig et al., 2003) | 12, 24 | 2 | 2 & 2 | ||
Cognitive function (3) | Mini-mental Status Examination, MMSE-Korean (Folstein et al., 1975) | 8, 9, 18 | 3 | 2 & 2 | |
Symptom experiences (3) | Friedman-Heart Failure Symptom Checklist (Friedman and Griffin, 2001) | 5, 22, 34 | 3 | 3 & 2 | |
Psychological (n=47) | Self-care (17) | European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior scale, EHFScBS (Jaarsma et al., 2003) | 9, 10, 13, 14, 16, 20, 21, 23, 25, 30, 31, 34 | 12 | 7 & 5 |
Self-Care of Heart Failure Index, SCHFI (Riegel et al., 2004) | 16, 18, 25, 26, 30 | 5 | 3 & 1 | ||
HRQoL (13) | Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, M-LHFQ (Rector et al., 1987) | 5, 6, 7, 13, 15, 17, 22, 34 | 8 | 8 & 7 | |
Kansas City Cardiopathy Questionnaire, KCCQ (Green et al., 2000) | 12, 14, 24 | 3 | 3 & 0 | ||
36 item Short Form Survey, SF-36 (Ware and Shebourne, 1992) | 5, 7 | 2 | 2 & 2 | ||
Depression (8) | Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, CES-D (Radlolff, 1977) | 2, 14, 20 | 3 | 3 & 1 | |
Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale, HADS-D (Zigmond and Snaith, 1983) | 15, 26, 30 | 3 | 3 & 3 | ||
Beck’s Depression Inventory, BDI (Beck, 1961) | 4, 30 | 2 | 2 & 1 | ||
Medication adherence (4) | Medication Adherence Scale, MAS (Wu et al., 2008) | 11, 34 | 2 | 2 & 0 | |
Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, MMAS (Morisky et al., 2008) | 31, 34 | 2 | 1 & 1 | ||
Anxiety (3) | Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale, HADS-A (Zigmond and Snaith, 1983) | 15, 26, 30 | 3 | 3 & 3 | |
Self-efficacy (2) | Cardiac Diet and Exercise Self-efficacy Instrument, CDESEI (Hickey et al., 1992) | 28, 30 | 2 | 2 & 0 | |
Social (n=13) | Knowledge for disease (7) | Dutch Heart Failure Knowledge Scale, DHFKS (van der Wal et al., 2005) | 14, 16, 21, 25, 31 | 5 | 4 & 2 |
Patient Knowledge Questionnaire, PKQ (Hill et al., 1991). | 10, 19 | 2 | 2 & 2 | ||
Social support (6) | Social Support (Kang, 1984) | 2, 4, 19, 35 | 4 | 4 & 0 | |
Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey, MOS-SSS (Sherbourne and Stewart, 1991) | 16, 21 | 2 | 2 & 0 |
3. 건강관련 삶의 질을 측정한 연구 분석
Table 3.
The higher score indicate a worse HRQoL in M-LHFQ, but a better HRQoL in others.
C=Control group; CD-QOL=Cardiovascular Specific-HRQoL Questionnaire; DPA=Daily physical activity; E=Experimental group; FU=Follow up; HRQoL=Health-related quality of life; KCCQ=Kansas City Cardiopathy Questionnaire; MA=Medication adherence group; M-LHFQ=Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire; NYHA class=New York Heart Association functional classification class; QLI-IV=Quality of Life-Cardiac version IV; QoL=Quality of Life; RE=Regular exercise; SF-36=36 item Short Form Survey.